Stephen+Krashen


 * Stephen Krashen **

__**Stephen Krashen-**__ Stephen Krashen received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of California in 1972. He has written over 350 papers and books regarding language and linguistics. He is currently a linguistics professor at the University of Southern California. He is best known for his work regarding The Natural Approach and his Five Hypotheses to Second Language Acquisition.

__** The Natural Approach- **__ The Natural Approach was developed by Stephen Krashen beginning in 1977. It is based on a communicative view of language. This approach consists of Krashen's Five Hypotheses for Second Language Acquisition: Acquisition-Learning, The Natural Order, The Monitor, The Input, and The Affective Filter Hypothesis.

__**Krashen's Five Hypotheses: **__

1. Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis- The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis is known as the most fundamental to second language learning. This hypothesis states that there are two processes involved in second language learning: Acquisition, or a natural knowledge or understanding of language, and Learned, or what is formally taught regarding language and language rules.

2. The Natural Order Hypothesis- According to the Natural Order Hypothesis, some aspects of grammatical structure are acquired early on while others are acquired later in the learning process. This hypothesis is formed on the basis that there is a natural order to how grammatical structures are acquired and learned.

3. The Monitor Hypothesis- The Monitor Hypothesis states that language learners mentally monitor their language as they communicate. The acquisition aspect acts as the 'initiator', while the learning aspect acts as the 'monitor' or editor to plan, correct and edit (Shutz, 2007).

4. The Affective Filter Hypothesis- This hypothesis states that there are a number of factors that come into play with second language acquisition. Factors such as student motivation, attitude, and anxiety all affect student performance. Krashen believes that students with a high motivation, a good attitude and a low level of anxiety will be more successful in second language acquisition.

5. The Input Hypothesis- The Input Hypothesis is based on how Krashen believes a second language is acquired. This hypothesis is centered around the acquisition aspect, not the learning aspect of second language acquisition. The Input Hypothesis states that students will progress according to the natural order and when they have reached profieciency, their 'input' will allow them to progress to the next level of learning a second language. **__For additional information regarding Krashen and The Natural Approach:__** [] This website gives an indepth look at Krashen's Five Hypotheses of Second Language Acquisition.
 * Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition by Ricardo Shutz **

[] This is an article that discusses Krashen, The Natural Approach and Krashen's Five Hypotheses of Second Language Acquisition.
 * A Summary of Stephen Krashen's "Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition" by Reid Wilson **

**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Contact Information **

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<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ms. Haller <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">bnh2x@mtmail.mtsu.edu <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">931-933-1320